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Monitorama PDX 2024 - Experiments in Backing Prometheus with Clickhouse

Colin Douch's session from Monitorama PDX 2024. Columnar datastores like Clickhouse are becoming increasingly popular when it comes to bulk storage of Observability data. This is due to their efficient enabling of high cardinality and high dimensionality datasets that appear natively in Observability workloads. At the same time, one of the chief complaints about Prometheus is its seeming inability to handle these workloads, with common advice being to reduce labelsets as much as possible to reduce the load on Prometheus. With the invention of Prometheus Remote Write and Read however, we are empowered to experiment with alternative backing stores for Prometheus. In this talk, I will introduce a methodology for offloading Prometheus storage and retrieval to Clickhouse. Using that method, I will cover the ups and downs of using Clickhouse as an external Prometheus storage, including storage usage, query efficiency, and operational overhead, and opine on how parts of Clickhouses design might help inform Prometheus improvements in the future