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Anatomy of the Heart (Layers, Conducting System & Topography)

Content: 0:00 Introduction 0:29 Layers of the Heart 1:12 Endocardium 2:04 Myocardium 5:18 Epicardium 5:59 Pericardium 7:21 Cardiac Conduction System 8:34 Topography of the Heart ------------------------------- 🫀 Join:    / @taimtalksmed   📷 Follow my IG:   / taimtalksmed   💝 Donation link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/taimtalk... ------------------------------- Layers of the Heart: - Serous Pericardium - Fibrous Pericardium - Endocardium - Myocardium - Epicardium Endocardium - Forms the Cusps of the: ○ Bicuspid Valve ○ Tricuspid Valve ○ Aortic Valve ○ Pulmonary Valve ○ Valve of the inferior Vena Cava (Vulva Vena Cava Inferioris) ○ Valve for the Coronary Sinus (Vuvla Sinus Coronarii) Myocardium - Form Fibrous Rings - Myocardium of the Atria ○ Superficial Circular Muscle Fibers ○ Deep Longitudinal Muscle Fibers ○ Form Pectinate Muscle (Musculi Pectinati) - Myocardium of the Ventricles ○ Deep Layer: Longitudinal Muscle Fibers ○ Middle Layer: Circular Muscle Fibers ○ Superficial Layer: Longitudinal Muscle Fibers ○ Deep and Superficial muscle fibers are connected, they form the Vortex of the Heart (Vortex Cordis) ○ Left Ventricle thicker than Right Ventricle ○ Form Trabeculae Carneae ○ Papillary Muscles (Musculi Papillares) Epicardium - It's the Visceral Lamina of the Serous Pericardium Pericardium - Serous Pericardium (Pericardium Serosum) ○ Visceral Lamina (Epicardium) ○ Parietal Lamina - Fibrous Pericardium (Pericardium Fibrosum) - Pericardial Cavity (Cavitas Pericardiaca) ○ Transverse Pericardial Sinus (Sinus Transversus Pericardii) ○ Oblique Pericardial Sinus (Sinus Obliquus Pericardii) Conducting System of the Heart: - Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) - Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) - Bundle of His - Left Bundle Branch - Right Bundle Branch - Purkinje Fibers Topography of the heart: - Holotopy of the heart: ○ Heart lies in the Mediasternum Medium Skeletopy of the heart: - Superior Border: Third rib horizontally - Right Border: Parallel to sternal margin. Linea Parasternalis - Lower Border: Obliquely: From Cartilage of 5th rib to 5th intercostal space. - Left Border: 5th intercostal space to the level of the 4th rib. - Openings op the heart: - Atrioventricular Openings: 3rd rib to the 6th sternal junction. - Aortic and Pulmonary openings: 3rd sternal junction to the 4th sternal junction - Topography of the valves of the heart: - Aortic and Pulmonary Valve: 2nd intercostal Space - Tricuspid and Bicuspid Valve: 5th intercostal space. Syntopia of the heart: - Anteriorly: Behind Sternum - Posteriorly: Oesophagus - Laterally: Pleura - Inferiorly: Diaphragm - Superiorly: Great Blood vessels Sources used in this video: - Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author) - Biorender - University notes and lectures