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The Country With NO TERRITORY

Support me on Patreon & get exclusive / ahead of time content!   / generalknowledge   ▶ In this video I talk about the only country in the world that has no territory: the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, previously known as the Knights Hospitaller. The Order was first established when Italian merchants set up a hospital in, at the time, Muslim-ruled Jerusalem. With the conquest of the Holy City by Europeans - through the First Crusade - the Hospitallers gained an increased role in acting as Knights for the protection of the city, thus adding a military element to their previous one. When Jerusalem fell, they withdrew into Cyprus, but found no way of truly establishing themselves there, therefore beginning to plan a conquest of the famous island of Rhodes. They succeeded in doing so, and it was at this moment that they saw their official establishment as a country 'per se', with the constant support of the Papacy since its establishment. Eventually Rhodes fell to an Ottoman invasion, and the Knights were forced to seek exile in Sicily, at the time ruled by the Spanish Crown. When this happened, the Pope happened to be a member of the Order itself, and so he negotiated with the Spanish king the acquisition of the nearby island of Malta for the Order, who would exist as a Spanish tributary state, altough mostly symbolically. As the Order established itself in Malta, the Ottomans rushed to attack them again, but they were successful in their defense this time and achieved a historical and magnificent victory that begun a golden age in their rule, culminating with an attempt to establish their own colonial empire in the Caribbean, by acquiring some islands off of France. Eventually they began losing influence throughout Europe - first due to the Protestant Reformation, which caused them to lose their properties and respective income in Britain. And then through the French Revolution that caused the same in France. Soon after, Napoleon - another product of the Revolution - invaded Malta on the way to his Egyptian Campaign. And the Knights were forced to surrender and seek exhile in Saint Petersburg. The order disbanded throughout most of Europe, concentrating in Russia - who took the biggest role in financing it and won great influence within it (even seeing Tsar Paul I become Grand-Master). For whatever reason, Sweden offered their island of Gotland to the Knights in exchange for them renouncing their claim on Malta (perhaps to help France), but the Order refused. Eventually they were forced to give up this claim anyway, and so they found themselves without any territory of their own; eventually returning to Italy where Papal protection was renewed, and moving into their old Roman Embassy which now comprises the full extent of their land, effectively being a country with no territory. TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 01:51 The origin of the Order 02:39 Etymology of Hospitaller 02:47 Papal approval 03:09 Kingdom of Jerusalem 04:31 Rivalry with the Templars 04:41 Fall of Jerusalem 04:59 Arrival in Cyprus 05:23 Conquest of Rhodes 05:36 Becoming a 'Country' 08:00 Ottoman invasion and loss of Rhodes 08:30 Hospitaller escape to Sicily 08:34 Arrival in Malta 09:30 The Order's influence in Europe 10:13 Territorial evolution overview 10:56 Ottoman Siege of Malta 12:32 Golden Age of the Knights in Malta 13:06 Hospitaller attempt at a Colonial Empire 14:06 The start of the Order's demise 15:32 Loss of property and influence in Europe 16:05 Napoleon's invasion of Malta 16:44 Exile in Saint Petersburg 17:27 Swedish offer of Gotland 17:52 Definitive loss of Malta 18:03 Temporary residences throughout Italy 18:13 Arrival in Rome 18:28 Renewed Papal support 19:03 Returning to its original mission 19:21 Diplomatic Status and relations 19:47 Stamps, Passports, Currency 20:06 The Order's mission today 20:59 Retaining of Sovereignty 21:34 Summary ▶ Follow me on Twitter:   / gkonyoutube   ▶ Join the Discord Server:   / discord   ▶ Business Contact: [email protected] ▶ Thanks for watching, remember to subscribe to catch future videos!