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CN 5: Trigeminal Nerve (Scheme, Divisions, Pathway) | Neuroanatomy

Content: Introduction: 0:00 Trigeminal nerve scheme: 01:05 Trigeminal nerve nucleus: 08:19 Course of the trigeminal nerve: 09:57 Ophthalmic Nerve (V1): 10:49 Maxillary Nerve (V2): 14:07 Mandibular Nerve (V3): 19:05 Clinical Relevance: 22:40 Recap: 23:26 ------------------------------- 💎Channel membership:    / @taimtalksmed   📷 Follow my IG:   / taimtalksmed   💝 Donation link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/taimtalk... ------------------------------- Course of the trigeminal nerve: Distribution of nuclei in the brainstem: - Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini) receives proprioceptive information from the masticatory, mimetic and extra-ocular muscles - Principal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus principalis nervi trigemini) receives information about fine touch, vibration and some proprioception - Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini) receives information about crude touch, pain and temperature - Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus motorius nervi trigemini) innervates the muscles of the first pharyngeal arch: masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid), tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, anterior belly of the digastric and the mylohyoid Trigeminal nerve course: - Leave the anterior aspect of pons - Sensory root from trigeminal ganglion, motor root goes with the mandibular branch. Ophthalmic nerve (nervus ophthalmicus) (V1): - Tentorial Branch (ramus tentorius) - Lacrimal nerve (nervus lacrimalis) - Frontal nerve (nervus frontalis) ○ Supratrochlear nerve (nervus supratrochlearis) ○ Supraorbital nerve (nervus supraorbitalis) § Medial branch (ramus medialis) § Lateral branch (ramus lateralis) - Nasociliary nerve (nervus nasociliaris) ○ Communicating branch with ciliary ganglion (ramus communicans cum ganglio ciliari) ○ Long ciliary nerves (nervi ciliares longi) ○ Posterior ethmoidal nerve (nervus ethmoidalis posterior) ○ Anterior ethmoidal nerve (nervus ethmoidalis anterior) ○ Infratrochlear nerve (nervus infratrochlearis) Maxillary nerve (nervus maxillaris) (V2): - Meningeal Branch (ramus meningeus) - Zygomatic nerve (nervus zygomaticus) ○ Zygomaticofacial branch (ramus zygomaticofacialis) ○ Zygomaticotemporal branch (nervus zygomaticotemporalis) - Infraorbital nerve (nervus infraorbitalis) ○ Inferior palpebral branches (rami palpebrales inferiores) ○ Superior labial branches (rami labiales superiores) ○ External nasal branches (rami nasales externi) ○ Internal nasal branches (rami nasales interni) - Posterior superior alveolar branches (rami alveolares superiores posteriores) ○ Superior dental branches (rami dentales superiores) ○ Superior gingival branches (rami gingivales superiores) - Anterior superior alveolar branches and middle superior alveolar branch (rami alveolares superiores anteriores et ramus alveolaris superior medius) ○ Superior dental branches (rami dentales superiores) ○ Superior gingival branches (rami gingivales superiores) - Posterior nasal branches (rami nasales posteriores) - Greater palatine nerve (nervus palatinus major) and lesser palatine nerves (nervi palatini minores) - Pharyngeal nerve (nervus pharyngeus) Mandibular nerve (nervus mandibularis) V3 - Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus) - Buccal nerve (nervus buccalis) - Auriculotemporal nerve (nervus auriculotemporalis) - Inferior alveolar nerve (nervus alveolaris inferior) ○ Mental nerve (nervus mentalis) - Lingual nerve (nervus lingualis) Sources: - Singh, I. (2017). Human neuroanatomy (10th ed.). Helwany M, Bordoni B. Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory) [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan- - Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy: The Complete Study Guide. 2nd ed. Thieme Medical Publishers. Pictures and visuals: - Complete Anatomy - Biorender - Powerpoint - Camtasia 2021