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How are tornadoes formed?

Tornadoes are one of the most violent and dramatic weather types - but how do they form? When the sun heats the ground, air near the surface is warmed and rises. Typically this air will develop into cumulus clouds at low levels. But if the atmosphere is unstable, this warm air will continue to rise to far greater heights, and go on to create tall cumulonimbus clouds, the sort you might see during thunder storms. When this occurs in an environment where wind speeds increase strongly with height, known as wind shear, the higher fast moving air can begin to spin and roll over the slower air below. This creates an invisible, horizontal wind, spinning and rolling like a cylinder. As this cylinder develops, powerful warm updraughts tilt it vertically, creating a column of spinning winds. Thunderstorms that exhibit persistent and deep rotating updrafts such as these are known as 'supercells'. Falling downdraughts of cold air within the supercell help to bring this column downwards. Eventually the rotation may become so strongly-focused, that a narrow column of violently rotating air forms. If this reaches the ground a tornado is born. The most powerful have winds exceeding 400 km/h and can lift trucks and destroy building You may also enjoy: – Podcasts exploring weather and climate    • Weather podcast series   – Daily weather forecasts    • UK national weather forecast   – Deep dive in-depth forecasts    • Deep Dive Forecast UK   Make sure you subscribe so you never miss a single lesson about the weather or climate https://www.youtube.com/c/MetOfficeLe... We are the Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, and every day of the week we bring you a morning weather forecast and an afternoon weather forecast so that wherever you are in the UK we have you covered. Forecasts and any weather warnings are accurate at time of recording. To ensure you have the most up to date weather information, check the hourly forecast and live warnings on the Met Office website or app.