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What Are Mosaic Embryos?

What are mosaic embryos? In this video, Mark P. Trolice, M.D., a board-certified reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialist and founder of Fertility CARE: The IVF Center describes what they are and what they may mean for the future of embryo testing. “When you do in vitro fertilization you have the opportunity to undergo preimplantation genetic testing or PGT,” says Dr. Trolice. “It used to be called PGS for (preimplantation genetic) screening. PGT involves letting the embryos grow to day five or day six and then removing some of the cells around the outer part of the embryo which becomes the future placenta they call the trophectoderm.” “The blastocyst embryo is over a hundred cells (an embryo which has developed to the point of having two different cell components and a fluid cavity). In PGT, we remove some of the outer cells and analyze them chromosomally. Structurally, the male has 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22 non-sexed and then XY. The woman has 23 pairs. 22 non-sexed and XX. Then we freeze the embryos and transfer, in a subsequent cycle, a chromosomally normal embryo. This is done for advanced reproductive age, for patients that have a genetic carrier problem for translocation, and even for gender, for selection.” “So what do we do about mosaic embryos?” asks Dr. Trolice. “And what is a mosaic embryo? A mosaic embryo is where there is a separate cell line in the cells. Not all of the cells have the same chromosomal content. One cell can be 22 XX, and when they analyze the other cells, it could be something abnormal.” “And how much of that (analysis) truly represents the embryo? We don't know. Because the outer shell that becomes the future placenta is what's being tested, not the inner cell mass, which is the future baby. So you have a mosaic cell line.” “Now not all clinics want the information on whether an embryo is mosaic or not,” continues Dr. Trolice. “They'll simply test whether the embryo is normal or not. There are some early research data in medical journals that clinics have transferred mosaic embryos. They have done so because it was the patient’s last chance or they wanted to take that potential risk. What is the potential risk? If the embryo is abnormal, the baby could be born with congenital disabilities.” “So far it does not appear that the embryo if it does get born, is affected. So either there is an auto-correction or the mosaic does not represent the inner cell mass, the embryo. However, it does appear that a mosaic embryo transfer has a lower pregnancy rate than a chromosomally normal embryo.” “At Fertility Care: The IVF Center we do not ask for mosaic information,” says Dr. Trolice. “We have not accepted mosaic embryos or at least have a policy not to transfer mosaic embryos. This is still in development. But it’s a very hot topic in our field, and I wanted to give you that information. So if you hear about mosaic embryos you know. The standard of care right now is to test embryos for structural chromosomes, with the result being either normal or not. I hope this was helpful to you. I wish you a fantastic week and we'll see you next week.” For more visit https://www.myfertilitycare.com/ To learn more about Dr. Trolice visit http://www.myfertilitycare.com/mark-t... To learn more about Fertility CARE fertility services visit https://www.myfertilitycare.com/our-s... To learn more about IVF visit https://www.myfertilitycare.com/ivf/ To learn more about egg freezing visit https://www.myfertilitycare.com/egg-f... To learn more about intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) visit https://www.myfertilitycare.com/intra... To learn more about IUI visit https://www.myfertilitycare.com/infer... Dr. Mark P. Trolice is the Director of Fertility CARE in Winter Park, Fla., the most comprehensive fertility center in the Southeast. A leader in the field of reproductive endocrinology, Dr. Trolice has helped countless patients become parents in central Florida since 1999. In addition to his work at Fertility CARE, Dr. Trolice is also the Clinical Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) at the University of Florida in Gainesville and the University of Central Florida in Orlando.