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Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus | Cystohepatic Triangle - Anatomy Tutorial

Link to PayPal donation https://paypal.me/studentlamedicina?l...   / anatomy.knowledge   The extrahepatic biliary apparatus receives the bile from liver, stores and concentrates it in the gallbladder, and transmits it to the second part of the duodenum when required. It begins with the right and left hepatic ducs which join together to form the common hepatic duct. The gallbladder lies in the fossa for gallbladder on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. The gallbladder is divided into the following three parts: fundus, body, and neck. The neck in its posteromedial wall shows a pouch-like dilatation (Hartmann’s pouch) directed downward and backward. The neck of the gallbladder is continuous with the cystic duct. The cistic duct joins at an acute angle with the common hepatic duct to form the bile duct (also called the common bile duct). The comon bile duct lies in front of the portal vein goes downward , passes behind the first part of duodenum and empties into the second part of duodenum. Before empties into the second part of duodenum fuses with the main pancreatic duct, thus creating the hepatopancreatic ampulla ( of Vater) which bulges the mucous membrane of duodenum inward forming the major duodenal papilla. The terminal parts of bile and pancreatic ducts as well as ampulla are surrounded by smooth muscle sphincters.The sphincter around the bile duct is called sphincter choledochus (of Boyden), the sphincter around the pancreatic duct is called sphincter pancreaticus, and the sphincter around the ampulla is known as sphincter of Oddi). The three sphincters are independent of duodenal musculature. The sphincters remain closed until the gastric contents enter the duodenum, stimulating its mucosa to release a hormone called cholecystokinin. This hormone in addition to causing contraction of the gallbladder relaxes these sphincters allowing bile and pancreatic secretions to enter the duodenum. #liver #bileduct #gallbladder