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ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY | Timeline of Western Philosophy #3

The Timeline of Western Philosophy. The Ultimate History to Western Philosophy. This is the third episode in a multipart series on the history of Western Philosophy. This took a tragically large amount of time to produce and I'm hoping all of you really appreciate it. In this episode we will dive into a group of thinkers known as "The Ancients." These guys were from a period so long ago, there’s no way they got much stuff right. But don’t let the weird culture of a more primitive man turn you off from their thoughts. After all, we share the same brain, the same intelligence. And as we learned in the last episode, the Pre-Socratic thinkers would come to introduce many of the first ideas in philosophy. But it’s in this age where things really get cooking. It’s through the work of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle that many of the traditions of Western philosophy begin. These men created the culture of thinking. Philosophy of the ancients is philosophy of the West. It’s hard to overstate the influence of Plato. Alfred Whitehead, perhaps the most appropriately named person of all time, noted that all philosophy is “a series of footnotes to Plato.” So yeah, he’s kinda like a big deal. When his role model Socrates was sentenced to death, Plato spent a decade wandering around the world, trying to find peace in his quest for wisdom. He would come across disciples of Pythagoras (more on him in the last episode), and it’s through them his interest in mathematics would flourish. Plato had a lot of big ideas, but perhaps his biggest was his theory of forms. This idea might be the first of many in an intro to philosophy that gets your eyes to roll, but it’s important to give it a fair shake. Plato wanted to know how we have knowledge or ideas about the world. But Plato wasn’t just about caves and forms. It’d take many hours to go through all of his major ideas, but for the sake of time, we can paint Plato as a thinker that’s pretty different from the standard ideas of our time. For instance, he was suspicious of art. He thought it was little more than a representation of a representation of a form. But maybe the most controversial of his ideas concerns his thoughts on democracy. If there’s any doubt whether Plato is the most influential philosopher of all time, it’s definitely coming from the influence of his pupil, a man named Aristotle. Aristotle’s work is in large part a response to Plato’s and it’s in his ideas we will likely find more similarities to modern day. Unlike Plato, Aristotle was a fan of knowledge we gained from the senses. They help us gain a better understanding of things. The world isn’t just forms for Aristotle, but a combination of form and matter. Matter describes a thing’s potential. A child has the potential to become a man. A rock has the potential to sink in water. Matter shows us the potential. Forms show us the actual. They describe what a thing is at that time. To become a man, the child has to actualize to the form of the man. For Aristotle, the goal of a good life is happiness. That doesn’t mean just pleasure-seeking happiness, but true happiness, a type of happiness brought on by a life of reason. Philosophy helps us live that life. One of the tools of ethical thinking is what Aristotle develops as the “mean.” Aristotle builds out a network of vices and virtues based on this logic. Aristotle knows this doesn’t quite cover everything. There are some actions which are good or bad regardless of how down the middle you are. It’s hard to find the golden mean of murder and infidelity, for instance. But this model of not too much, not too little was very useful for Aristotle. He extends it to his political thinking. Aristotle and Plato form a one-two punch of Ancient thinking. Any list of top philosophers has Aristotle and Plato in the top five. More often than not they are ranked first and second. This is why Ancient philosophy is really a tale of two philosophies. -------------------------------- Chapters 0:00​ Introduction 2:20​ Where are we? 3:26​ Why should you care? 4:34 Plato Introduction 6:53 Epistemology 7:32 Theory of Forms 10:04 Adorable Animal Intermission - Sleepy Puppy 10:31 Allegory of the Cave 12:35 Movie Moment - The Matrix 13:57​ Plato's Ideas 15:30 Philosopher Kings 16:18​ Aristotle Introduction 18:33 Syllogism 19:30 Golden Mean and Politics 22:41 Tale of Two Philosophies 22:53 Rapid Fire 24:57 Diogenes 26:35 Conclusion --------------------------------- If you like the video, make sure you hit the like button. Subscribe to our channel Follow us: Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn (just kidding, we don’t have a LinkedIn)