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Gluconeogenesis | Pathway Overview | Gluconeogenic precursor | Metabolism | Biochemistry Basics

This video provides a tutorial on Pathway of Gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis means synthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates. There are four important enzymes which bypass the irreversible reactions of glycolysis, this include, pyruvate carboxylase, PEP-carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glucose 6-phosphatase. Pyruvate is first carboxylated to oxaloacetate which requires ATP, biotin and pyruvate carboxylase enzyme. Subsequently, oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate. Through series of reactions, PEP is then converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. Fructose 1,6-BSP is then converted to fructose 6-phosphate via fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase enzyme and finally glucose-6-phosphate is converted to glucose with the help of glucose 6-phosphatase enzyme. Glucogenic precursors include lactate, glycerol, propionate and amino acids (except for leucine and lysine). Gluconeogenesis consumes 6 molecules of ATP. The following topics are covered in this lesson, 1. What is gluconeogenesis? 2. Enzymes of gluconeogenesis 3. Pyruvate carboxylase 4. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) 5. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 6. Glucose 6-phosphatase 7. How is pyruvate converted to phosphoenolpyruvate? 8. How is free glucose generated from glucose? 9. Comparison of gluconeogenesis vs glycolysis 10. What are the precursors of gluconeogenesis 11. What are glucogenic amino acids?