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Bench to Bedside: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and ARDS, Part 1 - Carolyn Calfee

https://www.ibiology.org/human-diseas... In Part 1, Dr. Calfee begins by explaining that acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is pulmonary edema, or fluid in the lungs, not due to heart failure. It is a condition that affects 200,000 people/year in the USA with a 30-40% mortality rate. During ARDS, there are many cellular changes with complex pathophysiology making it extremely difficult to treat. Currently, patients are treated by ventilation with low tidal volume and fluid conservative therapy as many pharmacological interventions have failed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), however, may hold promise as a treatment. In Part 2, Dr. Matthay provides the rationale behind treating ARDS patients with MSC. Initial studies in a mouse model of ARDS, showed that treatment with MSCs increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides in the lung, and increased phagocytosis of bacteria by monocytes. Further studies in ex vivo perfused human lungs and in sheep with severe lung injury showed that treatment with MSCs improved oxygenation and reduced pulmonary edema. An NIH/NHLBI supported phase 1 clinical trial for safety has been completed and a randomized, blinded phase 2 trial has now been initiated to test the safety and efficacy of MSC treatment in human patients with ARDS. About Dr. Calfee Dr. Carolyn Calfee is an Associate Professor of Medicine and Anesthesia at the University of California, San Francisco and a member of the UCSF Cancer Center and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at UCSF. Calfee's clinical and research focus is the diagnosis and treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with a particular focus on molecular phenotypes of ARDS. Calfee received her undergraduate degree from Yale University and her medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. At UCSF, she completed her residency in Internal Medicine, a fellowship in Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, and a Masters in clinical research.