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Uzbekistan-Pottery of Uzbekistan

Official: https://www.unesco-ichcap.org/ Facebook:   / ichcap   Instagram:   / unesco_ichcap   #uzbekistan #culturalheritage #pottery Script Red clay is a proud of Rishton District. It has such a good feature that master can make any shape i.e. it differs from other clays by its elasticity. Mainly, the soil in Rishton could be used after 50-60 cm layer till 2-2,30 meter deep. Making clay requires clean soil and existence of iron in its content. After first firing Rishton clay gets reddish tingle because of iron in the content. According to Rishton technology clay dishes are fired twice. First firingis called khompsaz. During this firing process the temperature can be rised till 960 C. After bringing clay to the workshop we go to the pottery wheel for shaping of the dish. Clay could only be used when it has 16-18% of moisture. If we speak about preparing the clay. I have to mention about technology that has been transmitted to us from our ancestors and masters. This technology is clay preparation with foots. We teach this to our apprentices through usta-shogird (master and apprentice) method. In master and apprentice method learning starts with clay making. The clay must be prepared properly. Badly prepared clay could easily be seen during rotation of the wheel and may not take the proper form at once because of the air in it. In this case clay does not take proper shape i.e. clay is raw. That is why clay should be prepared correctly. Our apprentices are well in preparing good clay. After 5-6 times of clay procession by stepping sometimes we could come back to the previous process to let out the air from the clay. This is traditional preparation process of clay. For preparation of bigger items we use additional natural components. Natural component is flocks of reed for maintaining more elasticity of the clay. Soil of the Rishton differs from others with its reddish tint and stickiness. Big dishes lose 7-9% of its size after the drying process. Thus, clay preparation is the main criterion of the pottery making. After clay is ready, work will be continued in this pottery wheel. The traditional pottery wheel consists of two parts: stepping part and head part. The wheel is activated by foot. When I teach my students I always tell them that there are too many potters that use samples but very few work without sample. Here is clay on the wheel which we shape using only hand without any samples. In our school we teach apprentices to shape goods without sample. The reason for this when the apprentice make potter without sample 3 parts of his body works simultaneously. If one of the three parts does not work then the final product will not be as good as you wish. Potter thinks about the shape, sees and feels the shape with his hand and whirls with foots. Through these feelings apprentice concentrates his attention to the working process. Master with good concentration can make beautiful dishes. Charkh means wheel, circle. Potters call charkhiy dish that prepared on the wheel. Such kind of good are made of clay with the help of water and hands. We call masters who make dishes with hands as jug makers. Main feature of jug makers is their processing of jugs only with clay. They are very skilful and experienced in making both vertical and horizontal items. Designing of the good is the process after finishing of modeling. Rishton school of pottery is mainly refers to decorative pottery That is why fireing of the refined and durable goods is very important process. The goods prepared in complex process should be dried during a day. After this we will process back side of the good. Then the second process of the designing starts. Raw good mainly processes by hands with water. This process is called “tasmollash” After that one of the main processes in pottery begins. Since Rishton soil has reddish colour and in order to show patterns clearly we cover the dish with thin layer of engob. This is the dish with angobe. Dish gets this look after it is fired once in 960 C temperatures in kiln. Then ready dish will get this look. During designing of the goods we make up the dish. For this colours should be prepared. From this color we get green one. In spate of its black it gives green color. Water should be added in order to avoid thickening of the colors. The process of ornamenting is the very important because the dish changes comlately after some ornaments. During preparation of the colours we use metal oxide. This one is cobalt oxide. It will give blue colour. In spite of its black appearance this colour will get green colour. This one is dark-grey. This is finished dish with design. This dish was glazed and fired. As you see the colour of the dish got another colour after the kiln.This colour changes into yellow and brown leaves become green. White lines and patterns will not change. The rest of colors will get other one but not as it are white and black.