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Atelectasis | Chest Radiology Essentials

Atelectasis is a condition in which the lung or a part of it collapses and does not expand properly during breathing. There are several forms of atelectasis, each with its own set of causes: 1. Passive (a.k.a Relaxation) Atelectasis: This form of atelectasis happens when something in the pleural space, such as fluid or air, permits the visceral pleura to freely move and allow unimpeded elastic recoil of underlying lung parenchyma. 2. Adhesive atelectasis: This occurs when there is a lack of normally functioning surfactant, which is a substance that helps the lung expand during breathing. Without enough surfactant, the alveolar spaces stick together, making it difficult to expand. 3. Obstructive (a.k.a. Resorptive) Atelectasis: This type of atelectasis occurs when there is a central airway obstruction that prevents air from reaching a part of the lung. This may be caused by mucus plugs, tumors, foreign bodies, or narrowing of the airway. 4. Cicatricial (a.k.a. Contraction) atelectasis: This type of atelectasis occurs when scarring/fibrosis prevents lung from expanding properly. This may be due to scarring from lung disease, such as pulmonary fibrosis, or from surgery or radiation therapy… or from pleural disease. Round atelectasis: This uncommon form of cicatricial atelectasis occurs when pleural fibrosis prevents a region of peripheral lung from expanding. The treatment of atelectasis may involve addressing the underlying cause. Causes of atelectasis can vary depending on the type, but some factors include surgery, trauma, prolonged bed rest, chronic disease, malignancy, and certain medications. Some of the case images in this talk appear courtesy of Ahmed El-Sherief, MD. Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 05:58 - Passive Atelectasis 11:25 - Adhesive Atelectasis 18:36 - Obstructive Atelectasis 25:35 - Obstructive Atelectasis: Right Upper Lobe 29:12 - Obstructive Atelectasis: Right Middle Lobe 32:06 - Obstructive Atelectasis: Right Lower Lobe 34:05 - Obstructive Atelectasis: Left Upper Lobe 35:52 - Obstructive Atelectasis: Left Lower Lobe 38:13 - Cicatricial Atelectasis 40:18 - Round Atelectasis #radiology #foamrad #FOAMrad #radres #medicaleducation #meded #medicalstudent #medstudent