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Fixed Effects (The Effect, Videos on Causality, Ep 45)

Please visit https://www.theeffectbook.net to read The Effect online for free, or find links to purchase a physical copy or ebook. The Effect is a book about research design and causal inference. How can we use data to learn about the world? How can we answer questions about whether X causes Y even if we can't run a randomized experiment? The book covers these things and plenty more. These videos are meant to accompany the book, although they can also be viewed on their own. This video relates to material found in Chapter 16 of the book. A version of this video without background music can be found here:    • Fixed Effects (The Effect, No Backgro...   What can we do if we can't measure all the things we need to control for? Well, if the setup is just right, we may be able to control for (some of) them anyway using fixed effects! Fixed effects is all about controlling for a set of unmeasured variables that are fixed within individual by... controlling for individual!