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X-ray Astronomy and XPoSat: Unveiling the Secrets of the Cosmos in High-Energy Light 0:00 Introduction 2:58 Invention of X Ray 7:00 Origin Of X Ray Astronomy 8:40 Polarization 12:10 XpoSat 12:14 The History Of X Ray Astronomy 16:38 Photoelectric X Ray Counter 22:03 X Ray and Black holes 30:14 ISRO Mission 32:20 Dark Matter And X Ray 36:30 X Ray and Space Travel 39:09 The X Ray Burst X-ray astronomy is a fascinating branch of astronomy that studies the universe using X-rays, a form of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths and higher energies than visible light. This allows us to peer into the hearts of some of the most extreme and energetic objects in the cosmos, such as: * *Black holes:* These gravitational behemoths devour matter and energy, releasing intense X-rays in the process. Studying their X-ray emission can reveal their spin, mass, and how they interact with their surroundings. [Image of Black hole X-ray astronomy] * *Neutron stars:* These ultra-dense remnants of massive stars can spin incredibly fast and generate powerful magnetic fields, leading to spectacular X-ray phenomena like pulsars and jets. [Image of Neutron star X-ray astronomy] * *Supernovae:* The explosive deaths of massive stars produce brilliant X-ray flashes that provide insights into the final stages of stellar evolution and the birth of neutron stars and black holes. [Image of Supernovae X-ray astronomy] * *Active galactic nuclei (AGNs):* These supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies can accrete vast amounts of matter, releasing enormous amounts of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, including X-rays. Studying their X-rays helps us understand how galaxies form and evolve. [Image of Active galactic nuclei X-ray astronomy] *XPoSat:* Enter XPoSat, India's first dedicated X-ray polarimetry mission launched in January 2024. This groundbreaking satellite takes X-ray astronomy a step further by measuring the *polarization* of X-rays. X-ray polarization reveals the orientation and geometry of the emission region, providing additional clues about the physical processes at play in these extreme environments. XPoSat carries two scientific instruments: * *POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays):* This instrument measures the degree and angle of polarization of X-rays in the medium energy range (8-30 keV). [Image of POLIX instrument XPoSat] * *XSPECT (X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing):* This instrument provides high-resolution spectra and timing information of X-rays in the soft energy range (0.8-15 keV). This allows for studying rapid changes in the X-ray emission of celestial objects. [Image of XSPECT instrument XPoSat] By combining polarization measurements with spectroscopy and timing data, XPoSat promises to revolutionize our understanding of: * *The geometry and magnetic fields of black holes and neutron stars* * *The mechanisms of particle acceleration and jet formation in AGNs* * *The dynamics of matter accretion onto black holes* * *The nature of the hot coronae surrounding black holes* XPoSat is a major leap forward for Indian space science and X-ray astronomy as a whole. Its observations will shed new light on some of the most mysterious and energetic objects in the universe, offering a deeper understanding of the cosmos and its most extreme phenomena. *Here are some related tags you might find helpful:* * X-ray astronomy * XPoSat * POLIX * XSPECT * Black holes * Neutron stars * Supernovae * Active galactic nuclei * X-ray polarization * Spectroscopy * Timing * Space observatories * Astrophysics * Cosmology I hope this description provides a comprehensive overview of X-ray astronomy and XPoSat, along with relevant tags for further exploration. If you have any more questions, feel free to ask!