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PATTERNS IN PATHOLOGY | HOW TO RECOGNIZE AND REPORT | MUST KNOW FOR BEGINNERS

PATTERNS IN PATHOLOGY | HOW TO RECOGNIZE AND REPORT | MUST KNOW FOR BEGINNERS Acantholysis: Separation of cell - cell connections (desmosomes) between keratinocytes leading to single, rounded keratinocytes Seen in pemphigus variants and related disorders Acanthosis: Thickening of epidermis Elongated rete ridges usually extend into dermis Can be regular (all rete pegs at roughly the same level) or irregular (rete pegs at different levels of the papillary dermis) Anagen: Hair during growth phase Anaplasia: Atypical nuclei (abnormal in size and shape) and pleomorphism (variation in nuclear characteristics) Asteroid body: Collections of eosinophilic material in sporotrichosis or star shaped inclusion in sarcoidal giant cells / other granulomatous processes Atrophy: Epidermal: Decreased thickness due to reduced numbers of keratinocytes Epidermis may appear flat at its base with loss of rete ridge pattern May occur after inflammation / certain topical treatments Dermal: Thinning of dermal layer due to loss of collagen / elastin May occur after steroids and atrophodermas Banana bodies: Yellow-green, banana shaped fibers in the dermis; can be due to exogenous or endogenous causes Basal vacuolar degeneration: Also known as liquefactive / hydropic degeneration Small vacuoles resembling bubbles in the basal layer Often associated with individually necrotic keratinocytes