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Systemic vascular resistance and Pulmonary vascular resistance in 10 minutes

Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance are two important concepts in cardiovascular physiology that describe the resistance encountered by blood flow in the systemic and pulmonary circulations, respectively. Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR): Definition: Systemic vascular resistance refers to the total resistance that the blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation, which includes all the blood vessels in the body except those in the lungs. Location: It encompasses arterioles, capillaries, and venules throughout the body. Factors Influencing SVR: Arteriolar Tone: The degree of constriction or dilation of arterioles affects resistance. Constricted arterioles increase SVR, while dilated arterioles decrease it. Blood Viscosity: The thickness or viscosity of blood can impact resistance. Increased viscosity raises SVR. Vessel Length: Longer blood vessels contribute to higher resistance. Clinical Implications: Elevated SVR is associated with conditions like hypertension, where the heart has to work harder to overcome increased resistance. Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR): Definition: Pulmonary vascular resistance refers to the resistance encountered by blood flow through the pulmonary circulation, specifically within the blood vessels of the lungs. Location: It includes the pulmonary arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules within the lungs. Factors Influencing PVR: Pulmonary Arteriolar Tone: Similar to systemic circulation, the degree of constriction or dilation of pulmonary arterioles affects resistance in the pulmonary circulation. Blood Viscosity: Blood viscosity also plays a role in PVR, though the impact is usually less pronounced than in the systemic circulation. Vessel Length: As in systemic circulation, longer vessels contribute to higher resistance. Clinical Implications: Elevated PVR is often seen in conditions like pulmonary hypertension, where increased resistance in the pulmonary circulation can lead to right heart failure. In summary, systemic vascular resistance reflects the overall resistance in the systemic circulation, while pulmonary vascular resistance represents the resistance within the pulmonary circulation. Both are crucial determinants of blood flow and are influenced by factors such as vessel tone, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Abnormalities in these resistances can have significant implications for cardiovascular health. systemic vascular and pulmonary vascular resistance,systemic vascular resistance,heart,pulmonary hypertension,medicine,blood pressure,circulatory system,total peripheral resistance,veins,blood flow