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Portal Venous System & Porto-Caval Anastomosis (Tributaries and Clinical Significance) - Anatomy

Content: Introduction: 0:00 Superior Mesenteric Vein Tributaries: 1:25 Inferior Mesenteric Vein Tributaries: 02:30 Splenic Vein Tributaries: 04:05 Portal Vein Tributaries: 05:15 Porto-Caval Anastomoses: 07:00 ------------------------------- 💎Channel membership:    / @taimtalksmed   📷 Follow my IG:   / taimtalksmed   💝 Donation link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/taimtalk... ------------------------------- Portal Venous System - Drain the blood from the unpaired visceral organs (large intestine, small intestine, pancreas, stomach, spleen, gall bladder) Portal Vein (vena portae hepatis) formed by: - Superior Mesenteric Vein (vena mesenterica superior) - Splenic Vein (vena splenica) - Inferior Mesenteric Vein (vena mesenterica inferior) Superior Mesenteric Vein: - Jejunal and ileal veins (venae jejunales et ileales) - Right Colic Vein (vena colica dextra) - Ileocolic vein (vena ileocolica) - Appendicular vein (vena appendicularis) - Midle colic vein (vena colica media) - Right gastro-omental vein (vena gastroomentalis dextra) Inferior Mesenteric Vein: - Opens into either the Splenic Vein, Superior mesenteric or the portal vein - Superior Rectal Vein (vena rectalis superior) - Sigmoid vein (vena sigmoideae) - Left Colic Vein (vena colica sinistra) Splenic Vein - Starts from the Splenic Hilum - Left Gastro-omental vein (vena gastroomentalis sinstra) - Short gastric Veins (venae gastricae breves) - Pancreatic Veins (venae pancreaticae) Portal Vein - Left Gastric Vein (vena gastrica sinistra) - Oesophageal Veins (venae oesophageae) - Right gastric Vein (vena gastrica sinistra) - Prepyloric Vein (vena prepylorica) - Pancreaticoduodenal Veins (venae pancreaticoduodenales) - Cystic Vein (vena cystica) - Paraumbillical veins (venae paraumbilicales) Porto-Caval Anastomoses - System that connects the portal system with the caval system - Causes of portal hypertension: ○ Hepatic Causes (alcoholic liver damage, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatitis C infection, other metabolic causes) lead to liver cirrhosis ○ Pre-haptic causes (Portal vein thrombosis or tumor) ○ Post-hepatic causes (Right-sided heart failure) - Anastomoses between the oesophageal veins ○ Through Azygos and Hemiazygos veins which empty into superior vena cava ○ Increased pressure in the portal system leads to Esophageal Varices - Anastomoses in the rectum ○ Through superior rectal vein ○ Middle rectal vein, which drains into the internal iliac ○ Inferior rectal vein, which drains into the internal pudendal vein ○ An increase in portal pressure may lead to internal hemorrhoids - Anastomoses between the paraumbilical veins and the subcutaneous veins around the umbilicus ○ Lead to caput medusae (name originate from medusa) ○ Anastomoses happen between the thoraco-epigastric veins, superficial epigastric veins, and the paraumbilical veins - Increased portal pressure also leads to ascites (water in the peritoneal space)