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The Story of Garston

This is the story of Garston. a town in its own rights. the story starts in the 12th Century with the Benedictine Monks and Adam De Gerston through to Alfred Jones and The norris Family. It tells how Garston became an industrial hub with its own Schools, hospitals, railways and even Docks. Garston was also mentioned in the Doomsday book. Documents pre-Medieval times are rare and, in the case of Liverpool, virtually non-existent. We have no maps to show us what the land looked like in detail, although there were maps being produced pre-1150 by the "School of Andists" formed by the Benedictines at St Albans Abbey. A map may, therefore, have been produced by the monks of Stanlawe, who had an interest in Garston, although none have been known to survive. Garston in early times was administered from West Derby. Edward the Confessor had chosen West Derby for the site of a castle and hunting lodge and held it until 1066, when it was given to Roger of Pictou, who developed a wooden mot and bailey. The land and its forest was so important that it was the centre of administration alongside Lancaster for the area. West Derby's importance waned as Liverpool prospered, due to Liverpool being on the coast and in a more strategic position and it was this small hamlet that gained royal favour. It can be established from the Doomsday survey for the manor of West Derby Hundred that Garston had a mixed farming economy. There was an extensive open field system with land available for the pasturage of 500 sheep, 20 cows, oxen and draught horses granted to Cocklesands before 1206. We have no contemporary maps but we can interpret what the immediate area looked like by first of all examining the present topography. The township of Garston was dominated by Mossley Hill, which is 175 feet above sea level, whilst in the background is the Woolton ridge, taking in parts of Allerton, which has three summits, ranging from 225 feet to 275 feet above sea level, plus a ridge line 150 feet above sea level. Between these two portions of high ground, there is a valley, which leads from Garston through to Wavertree, ascending up to West Derby. A valuable plan was produced in 1855 by the Garston local board, which was used to identify the drainage patterns within South Liverpool and the tributaries it produced. The value of this plan is that the land was still rural in nature and substantially unaltered from much earlier times. The prominent Mossley Hill of bunter sandstone is now occupied on its summit by Mossley Hill church. Mossley derives from thickets within a clearing, so it can be supposed that the Hill rose above common scrubland. Four water courses run through Garston. Oskoesbrok, later renamed the River Jordan, ran through Otterspool. A stream also ran through what is now Garston North Dock, originating from the Allerton area, whilst another ran along the bottom of the Woolton Ridge following approximately the West Allerton to Allerton railway line, joining up with the water course from what is now Woolton Village, to form Garston Brook. This discharged into the Mersey through what is now Stalbridge Dock. A small water course also ran along the boundary joining the Speke township through what is termed the Plantation. The land in Garston was mostly agricultural divided up into smallholdings with rental paid to a landlord. A Norris deed of 1342, ref. 278, has Roger, son of Simon de Gerstan, granting to Alan le Norreys of Speke a plot of land called Gresselonddale stretching from the sea to Aykebergh. A plot of land in Holm stretching from Aykebergh to the way to the Mosse. In the Holm … abutting against Gerstanheth.