Скачать с ютуб Why All Neuromodulation Is Sub-Threshold Neuromodulation (Marom Bikson) в хорошем качестве

Why All Neuromodulation Is Sub-Threshold Neuromodulation (Marom Bikson)

All neuromodulation approaches, including Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) activate "sub-threshold" mechanisms, even though these techniques are traditionally considered "supra-threshold". In simple and clear terms, this talk by Dr. Marom Bikson explains what supra-threshold and sub-threshold neuromodulation are, and outlines these types of sub-threshold neuromodulation. 1) Stimulation of non-neuronal cells such as glia and the blood-brain-barrier (BBB); 2) Modulation of oscillations; and 3) Modulation of synaptic function. These mechanisms are active even in supra-threshold techniques. This talk also considers how neuromodulation is broadly dose controlled, and specifically how dose is controlled in pain control. Pain control neuromodulation is related to closed-loop SCS with eCAPS and then to eSAPS, which are finally related back to sub-threshold mechanisms. ( A version of this talk was given by Dr. Marom Bikson at the International Neuromodulation Society 2024 meeting in Vancouver, Canada. ) All the papers cited in this talk and others by Dr. Marom Bikson can be found here: https://www.neuralengr.org/bikson For additional related talks on neuromodulation by Dr. Bikson see also: 1: "A simple introduction to technical concepts in neuromodulation devices. For clinicians, scientists & engineers"    • Simple introduction to technical conc...   2: "How neuromodulation for pain works."    • How Neuromodulation for Pain Works   3: "Seven rules for sub-threshold neuromodulation."    • Seven Rules for Subthreshold Neuromod...