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Porifera (Sponges)- Morphology, Classification, & Evolution- Invertebrate Paleontology | GEO GIRL

Porifera is a phylum of invertebrate animals which includes sponges. In this video, I go over Porifera anatomy, structure, morphology, spicule types, complexity (ascon, sycon, leucon), classification (classes- glass sponges, calcareous sponges, demosponges, stromatoporoids, archaeocyathids), reproduction, ecology, & reef evolution. Sponges have a lot of body parts, all of which I label and discuss in this video. I also discuss the distinction between common sponge spicule morphology which helps when determining the spong species in a particular fossil. I also go over the 3 major groups of sponge morphology, ascon, sycon, and leucon sponges. Ascon sponges are most simple, while leucon sponges are most morphological complex. I then go over each of the classes of sponges and the time range they lived in throughout Earth's history, then we move to sponge reproduction, which can occur either sexually or asexually. Sponges can also regenerate complete animals from broken fragments of a sponge, which is useful after strong storms. I then go through the entire evolutionary history of sponges through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. I close out the video by discussing the mysterious history of archeaocyathids and avenues for future research that may help us finally determine which phylum archeaochyathids should belong to. Hope you enjoy! ;) References: Prothero, D.R. (2013). Bringing Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology. Third Edition. Chapter 13: Colonial Life: Sponges, Archaeocyathans, and Cnidarians. pp. 303-321. Columbia University Press. https://amzn.to/3kutMgs https://www.studyandscore.com/studyma.... https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife... GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!) 0:00 What are porifera? 1:21 Sponge anatomy 2:57 Sponge spicules 4:36 Sponge morphology (ascon, sycon, & leucon) 6:22 Sponge classification 8:12 Hexactinellid sponges (glass sponges) 8:51 Calcarea sponges 9:56 Demospongea sponges 10:37 Are stromatoporoids sponges? 13:38 Sponge reproduction 15:04 Sponge ecology 17:00 Sponge evolution 18:54 Are archaeocyathids sponges? 20:20 Archaeocyathan morphology 21:15 Archaeocyathan ecology Directly offset your carbon footprint with Wren: https://shrsl.com/3d0t2 Non-textbook books I recommend: Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I Life on young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2 Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ Alien Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l Life's Engines: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student: Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5 Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT Image sources: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~wstodd... http://www.jsjgeology.net/Hicks-n-Row... http://fitri-smanda.blogspot.com/2013... https://www.researchgate.net/figure/S... https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife... https://www.hunebednieuwscafe.nl/2019... https://www.digitalatlasofancientlife... http://www.thefossilforum.com/index.p... https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/100... http://dico-sciences-animales.cirad.f... https://www.mcqbiology.com/2012/10/mc... https://woostergeologists.scotblogs.w... https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1... https://earthathome.org/hoe/us-fossil... http://rjfisherjoanides.pbworks.com/w... https://www.chegg.com/flashcards/spon... Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel!