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GUANCHE LANGUAGE, PEOPLE, & CULTURE

Welcome to my channel! This is Andy from I love languages. Let's learn different languages/dialects together. Special Thanks to Joshua A.P.C. Reference: https://imeslan.com/ Based on the work by philologist, Ignacio Reyes García. The Guanche language(s) we know of likely descend from at least two distinct arrivals to the Canary Islands: one that brought a set of basal Libyc or Paleo-Berber traits common to other Afro-Asiatic languages (excluding Modern Berber), and another that shows more clear links to existing languages such as Tashelhit, Mozabite, Kabyle and Tuareg. The first migration or migrations would have taken place during the transition from Punic to Roman domination of North Africa (the period of the Kingdom of Mauretania), with a second migration dating to Late Antiquity or Early Middle Ages. The insular dialects would've become extinct in each island at different times, depending on the level of assimilation and substitution of the local population by colonising Europeans, but it's inferred that it survived in Tenerife well into the 17th Century. While some isolated families and shepherds maintained the knowledge of certain phrases such as prayers and continued using everyday vocabulary (some of which is preserved in the local Spanish dialect), the language itself surely died out during the early 18th Century, only two centuries after the Conquest. Documentation of the Guanche language existed in the form of treatises and catechisms compiled by missionaries during the Christianization of the native people, but these texts have been lost over time, limiting our full understanding of the language. However, extensive vocabulary—mainly numerals, place names, common words related to nature, agriculture, and pastoral life, and some given names—suggests clear links to the Berber language family. Early chroniclers like Abreu Galindo, Marín de Cubas, and Leonardo Torriani noted this relationship. In the mid-18th century, Scottish adventurer George Glas, familiar with Zenaga and Tashelhit, compared many Canarian words to their Berber counterparts, confirming the linguistic and cultural connections between the native islanders and North Africans. In the 20th Century, this consensus was undermined by contemporary racialist theories that attempted to relate the Guanches to prehistoric European Cro-magnons, Basques, Celts or even Germanic peoples, ignoring the previous evidences and extensive anthropological literature. During the Francoist dictatorship in Spain, this scientific movement was embraced as a means to erase any relationship between the Guanches and North Africa. Further archaeological, linguistic, ethnographic and genetic research since then has reassessed the obvious connection to Ancient Berbers or Libyans. Like other Berber languages, Guanche has two genders (masculine and feminine), evidenced by nouns using a masculine prefix a-/gua-, and a feminine circumfix ta-t (with a dialectal variant cha-, a feature similarly found in Tuareg), sometimes alternating in the same root with a connotation of size difference (Aguane/Taguane, Asofa/Tasofote, Arure/Terori, Guguy/Taguguy, Amurga/Chamorga, Amoco/Chamoco). Plural usually is formed in masculine as -an/en (irguan, Olen) and feminine as -en/-in (temosen, Chigadin). The use of a preposition n, common to other Afro-Asiatic languages such as Egyptian/Coptic, is evident in a few phrases and place names. The annexed state, a distinct Berber trait that modifies the initial determiner of a noun when preceded by a verb or a preposition, is apparent in certain sentences and constructions. Native Canarians primarily lived as pastoralists, managing herds of sheep, goats, and pigs related to North African breeds for meat, milk, cheese, butter, lard, and leather. Their limited agriculture included imported crops like barley, wheat, legumes, dates, and figs. They also engaged in hunting and gathering, supplementing their diet with lizards, birds, wild fruits, seeds, tubers, roots, fish, and shellfish. Without metals, they made tools and weapons from stone, obsidian, wood, bone, and horn. Most lived in natural or artificial caves, but some settlements had round stone huts. Remarkable constructions included stone circles, palaces, tumuli, small stepped pyramids, and rock-carved dwellings, tombs, or temples. On some islands, they mummified their dead using a process involving drying with smoke, sunlight, herbs, and resins, and wrapping the bodies in leather hide, preserving facial features due to the dry climate. The Guanche word for mummy, "xaxo" (*haɣu), is notably similar to the Ancient Egyptian word for "deceased," ꜣḫw. If you are interested to see your native language/dialect featured here. Submit your recordings to [email protected]. Looking forward to hearing from you!