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Fluid & Electrolytes: Potassium

EmpoweRN.com Nursing exams or NCLEX style questions that you could see, related to potassium: The nurse is caring for a client that needs correction for hypokalemia. Which of the following nursing interventions are incorrect? A. Informing the physician when the urine output is 15 mL then 18 mL for 2 consecutive hours. B. Noting for impaired renal function C. Taking blood samples for the repeat potassium determination on the arm without an IV infusion D. Preparing the KCl for IV push administration Ans.: D. Potassium is never administered IV push or intramuscularly. IV potassium must be administered using an infusion pump. It should be administered after adequate urine flow has been established and clients should be assessed for impaired renal function and decreased ability to excrete potassium. Blood sampled should be taken on the free arm for accuracy of results. The nurse was about to give 10 units of regular insulin I.V. along with 50 ml of dextrose 50% for a client diagnosed with acute renal failure. The nurse understand that the medication is intended to correct which electrolyte imbalance that the client is most likely experiencing? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyperglycemia C. Hypernatremia D. Hypercalcemia This question is forcing you to recognize medical terms concerning electrolyte abnormalities. Since this question is not giving us exact values, it is asking us to recognize why these medications are normally given. In kidney failure potassium level in the blood may increase because of the loss of the ability of the kidney to excrete extra potassium out of the body. Regular insulin given Intravenously with 50 ml of dextrose 50% also given intravenously helps shift potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cell, which normalized serum potassium levels in the client with hyperkalemia. If you look at the other answer options: Option B Hyperglycemia - this means high blood sugar in cases of high blood sugar, you would not want to give dextrose. This would cause it to get even higher. so this answer option would not be correct. Also option C. Hypernatremia - means elevated sodium levels if you cannot though… And finally option D. Hypercalcemia - means elevated calcium levels, which this medication therapy is also not a treatment for. Making the final correct answer option A.