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Fluid and Electrolytes: Sodium

EmpoweRN.com Nursing exam/NCLEX Style questions! 4. The nurse notes that the following clients are at risk for hyponatremia, except? A. A 5-year old child with SIADH B. A 30-year old pregnant woman with oxytocin infusion C. A 68-year old male with Congestive Heart Failure D. A 22-year old female with Diabetes Insipidus Ans.: D. The client with diabetes insipidus is more prone to sodium excess (hypernatremia) rather than hyponatremia. All other clients are prone to hyponatremia due to loss of sodium with either use of diuretics, medication that causes water retention, and adrenal insufficiency. 6. A client with Addison’s disease is presenting shallow respirations, agitation, tremors and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following laboratory result would justify these signs and symptoms? A. Cl 63 mEq/L B. Na 155 mEq/L C. Mg 2 mg/dL D. Ca 9.5 mg/dL Ans.: A. Hypochloremia in Addison’s disease together with a decrease in sodium, increase in pH, increase in serum bicarbonate and increase in total carbon dioxide content would justify the symptoms presented by this client. 14. A client with hypertension is advised by his cardiologist to follow the DASH diet. The nurse knows that DASH is an acronym for which of the following? A. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension B. Decrease Amount of Sodium for Hypertension C. Dietary Allowances of Sodium for Hypertension D. Diet for Americans to Stop Hypertension Ans.: A. The DASH diet or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension was implemented to better manage hypertension. It is originally a multicenter randomized control-feeding trial that evaluated managing hypertension through dietary means.