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How Nitric Oxide Causes Vasodilation. Shear Stress and the cGMP/PKG Pathway.

This lecture starts by explaining the basic anatomy of blood vessels and what shear stress is. It then explains how shear stress can increase intracellular calcium within endothelial cells and how this activates nitric oxide synthase. Next it discusses how nitric oxide activates cGMP pathways within smooth muscle cells and how this causes PKG levels to increase. It then explains the different potential mechanisms by which PKG can cause relaxation of smooth muscle cells within blood vessels. Next it discusses how smooth muscle relaxation allows for vasodilation. It finishes by showing the many different ways that smooth muscle can relax and contract that do not involve nitric oxide. 0:00 Basic Anatomy of Blood Vessels 2:10 What Shear Stress is 4:44 Shear Stress, Intracellular Calcium, and Nitric Oxide Synthase 10:08 Nitric Oxide, cGMP Pathway, and PKG 12:07 PKG and Relaxation - MLCK 13:28 PKG and Relaxation - SERCA Pumps 14:18 PKG and Relaxation - Voltage Gated Calcium Channels 16:42 Summary of PKG and Relaxation 17:26 Smooth Muscle Relaxation and Vasodilation 18:20 Many Other Pathways Cause Relaxation and Contraction